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Vulvar cancer is a rare  gynaecological cancer. It accounts for only 0,7% of all cancers in women. Usual-type of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is associated with persistent HPV infection, thus it appears in younger women. The aim of this study was to present  the incidence of coexisting metachronous vulvar cancer among  patients with cervical cancer treated in our institute.

537 patients with vulvar cancer were treated in our Cancer Centre from 2000 to 2020. In 44 women (8,2%) other synchronous or metachronous cancers were found.

Seven patients (1,3%) were diagnosed with cervical cancer before vulvar cancer. Six of them underwent radical histerectomy. One patient was treated with radical radiotherapy. Mean time between treatment of cervical cancer and vulvar cancer diagnosis was 30,6 years (15-49). None of the patients developed cervical cancer recurrence. Vulvectomy was performed in every patient. The optimal therapeutic approach of iunguinal nodes was chosen due to preoperative imaging. One women received adjuvant, postoperative radiotherapy. During long follow-up, two patients had recurrence of vulvar cancer (regional and/or distant), three of them were diagnosed with lung cancer, one developed advanced anal cancer . One of the patient had no follow-up after treatment.

Vulvar cancer is usually diagnosed in older women. Some of them might be treated before other cancers, including gynaecological malignancies. Synchronous (diagnosed within 6 months) cervical and vulvar cancer may occur especially in women with persistent HPV infection. In our data, time intervals between treatment of cervical and vulvar cancer were very long. It may suggest that vulvar cancer development was based on lichen sclerosus or lichen planus. Follow-up events show that lung cancer is still a most common cancer worldwide and it’s screening  should be performed even during diagnostic and therapeutic process of other types of cancer.