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Liponeurocytoma develops mainly in adult patients within the posterior fossa and  it has been categorized as a benign grade II tumor. It is characterized by the presence of neuronal and variable astrocytic differentiation with foci of lipomatous distinction. The rarity has led to no consensus guidelines for the management and thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the literature to create treatment guidelines.

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to search existing online databases between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2020. A systematic search on PubMed and Google scholar was done and an individual patient data analysis was carried out.

A systematic review and individual patient data analysis of the literature found 103 patients (73 male, 30 female) with liponeurocytoma with most common site of presentation being the posterior fossa (86.1%). The mean Ki-67/MIB-1 proliferation index was 3.56%.  After a median follow-up of 58 months, the tumor recurrence rate was 18.9% among the patient cohort. Tumor recurrence was found to be significantly higher among those who did not receive Radiation therapy (p<0.001). Complete Tumor resection was seen in 70.5% and tumor recurrence was after median of 72.5 months favouring the addition of post operative radiation therapy especially in incomplete resection (p=0.012).

Liponeurocytomas are rare benign tumors, occurring mainly in the cerebellum. The therapy of choice is surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy seems to decrease the risk of tumor recurrence and should be offered to the patient.